3 interactive concept widgets for Human Health and Disease. Drag any slider, change any number, and watch the formula and the answer update live. Built so you understand how each NEET problem actually works, not just the final number.
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Every NEET-tested human disease with its pathogen, transmission and symptoms in one filterable, searchable list.
Filter by category or search by disease name, pathogen or symptom. Every NEET-tested human disease, with its pathogen, transmission, and symptoms in one place.
Typhoid
Pathogen
Salmonella typhi
Transmission
Contaminated food and water
Symptoms
Sustained high fever, weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache
NEET note
Diagnosed by the Widal test. "Typhoid Mary" was a famous carrier.
Pneumonia
Pathogen
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Transmission
Inhaled droplets from infected person
Symptoms
Fever, chills, cough, headache; lips and fingernails turn grey-bluish in severe cases
NEET note
Alveoli get filled with fluid, blocking gas exchange.
Common cold
Pathogen
Rhinoviruses
Transmission
Inhaled droplets, contaminated objects
Symptoms
Nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, headache, tiredness
NEET note
Infects nose and upper respiratory tract; not lungs.
Malaria
Pathogen
Plasmodium spp. (P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. falciparum)
Transmission
Bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito
Symptoms
High fever with chills, recurring every 48 or 72 hours; anaemia; in severe cases, coma
NEET note
P. falciparum is the most lethal (malignant malaria). NEET favorite.
Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery)
Pathogen
Entamoeba histolytica
Transmission
Contaminated food and water; housefly is mechanical vector
Symptoms
Constipation, abdominal pain, cramps, stools with mucus and blood
NEET note
Infects the large intestine.
Ringworm
Pathogen
Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
Transmission
Contact with infected persons or fomites (towels, combs)
Symptoms
Dry, scaly skin lesions; intense itching, often in groin and between toes
NEET note
A fungal infection, not a worm despite the name.
Ascariasis
Pathogen
Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)
Transmission
Ingestion of contaminated food, water or vegetables containing eggs
Symptoms
Stomach pain, fever, anaemia, blockage of intestinal passage
Filariasis (elephantiasis)
Pathogen
Wuchereria bancrofti, W. malayi
Transmission
Bite of infected female mosquito
Symptoms
Chronic lymphatic blockage; gross swelling of limbs and sometimes genitals
NEET note
Adults live in lymphatic vessels and produce microfilariae in the blood.
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Side-by-side comparison of innate vs acquired and active vs passive immunity. Specificity, memory, speed and the NEET trap (placenta and colostrum are passive, not active).
Side-by-side comparison of all four immunity types. Specificity, speed, memory, components and NEET-favorite traps.
Innate vs Acquired Immunity
Innate (non-specific)
Acquired (specific)
Specificity
Non-specific. Treats all pathogens the same.
Highly specific. Targets a particular pathogen.
Present from
Birth (present from day 1)
Develops after first exposure to a pathogen
Memory
No memory. Same response every time.
Has memory. Second exposure gives faster, stronger response.
Components
4 barriers: physical (skin, mucus), physiological (HCl, tears, saliva), cellular (macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells), cytokine (interferons)
B lymphocytes (humoral, make antibodies) and T lymphocytes (cell-mediated, attack infected cells)
Speed
Fast (immediate)
Slow on first exposure, fast on second exposure
Active vs Passive Immunity
Active (your body makes)
Passive (ready-made from outside)
Antibody source
Your own body makes antibodies
Ready-made antibodies given from outside
How acquired
Natural infection OR vaccination
Placental transfer, colostrum, antiserum injection
Speed of action
Slow (days to weeks to build up)
Fast (immediate protection)
Duration
Long lasting (months, years, sometimes lifelong)
Short lasting (weeks to months)
Examples
Recovery from chickenpox; BCG, hepatitis B, polio vaccines
Antibodies through placenta (IgG); colostrum (IgA); tetanus antiserum, snake-bite antivenom
NEET trap to remember
Babies get passiveimmunity through the placenta (IgG) and colostrum (IgA), even though it's "natural". Active vs passive is about who makes the antibodies, not how it was acquired.
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Click any of the five isotypes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) to see shape, abundance, location, function and the NEET facts tested most. Includes a labelled H2L2 schematic.
Click any isotype to see its shape, abundance, location, function and the NEET facts that get tested most often. Use the mnemonic GAMED to remember all five.
Antibody structure (H2L2)
Heavy chains (2)
Light chains (2)
Antigen-binding tips (paratope)
Variable region = tips (binds antigen). Constant region = base (decides isotype: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE).
IgG
Monomer (single Y)
Abundance
Most abundant in plasma (~75%)
Where found
Blood, lymph and tissue fluid; crosses placenta
Function
Main antibody of the secondary immune response. Neutralises toxins, activates complement, helps phagocytes.
NEET fact
Only antibody that crosses the placenta. Gives passive immunity to the fetus.
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