Home

/

Zoology

/

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Strategies for Enhancement in Food ProductionNEET Zoology · Class 12 · NCERT Chapter 9

3 interactive concept widgets for Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production. Drag any slider, change any number, and watch the formula and the answer update live. Built so you understand how each NEET problem actually works, not just the final number.

Animal breeding methods

Explore animal breeding methods: inbreeding, out-crossing, cross-breeding, interspecific hybridisation, artificial insemination and MOET.

Animal breeding

Animal breeding methods: click any method to explore

Select any animal breeding method to see its definition, a real example and its advantages and limitations. Covers inbreeding, out-crossing, cross-breeding, interspecific hybridisation, artificial insemination and MOET.

Inbreeding
Out-crossing
Cross-breeding
Interspecific Hybridisation
Artificial Insemination
MOET

Inbreeding

Definition

Mating of closely related animals (within the same breed) for 4 to 6 generations. Superior males and superior females are selected and mated together.

Example

Selecting the best milk-producing cow and the best bull in a dairy herd and mating them, then repeating this for several generations.

Advantage

Increases homozygosity; exposes harmful recessive alleles so they can be eliminated; produces a pure-breeding line that passes its traits reliably.

Limitation

Prolonged inbreeding causes inbreeding depression: reduced fertility, lower productivity and decreased disease resistance.

NEET tip

Inbreeding depression is the reduced fertility and productivity after prolonged inbreeding. It is reversed by out-crossing.

Try this

  • Select Inbreeding and Cross-breeding one after the other. What is the main difference in their limitation?
  • Which method multiplies the contribution of an elite FEMALE animal? (Hint: it involves gonadotropins.)
  • Hisardale sheep is a famous NEET example. Which method produced it and which parent was Bikaneri?

Plant breeding walk-through

Step through the classical stages of plant breeding from collecting variability to releasing a new cultivar.

Plant breeding

Plant breeding: five classical steps in sequence

Click any of the five steps to see what you do at that stage, why the step is necessary, what goes in, what comes out, and the NEET fact most tested about it.

1. Collect

2. Select

3. Cross

4. Evaluate

5. Release

Input

All available plant varieties and wild relatives

Collect

Output

Germplasm collection / gene bank

Step 1: Collection of Variability

What you do

Gather as many varieties of the crop as possible from all over the world. Include wild relatives, landraces and modern cultivars. Store them in a gene bank (germplasm collection).

Why this step

You can only breed with what you have. The more genetic diversity you collect, the more likely you are to find plants with the trait you want (disease resistance, high protein, drought tolerance, etc.).

NEET fact

Germplasm collection is STEP 1. A gene bank stores seeds, tissue or living plants for future use.

Try this

  • Work through all five steps in order. Which step actually creates new combinations of traits?
  • Why must you collect germplasm BEFORE selecting parents? What happens if you skip step 1?
  • Which step involves emasculation? Why is emasculation needed in controlled crosses?

Food production methods

Explore the methods used to enhance food production: dairy, poultry, apiculture, fisheries, single cell protein, biofortification and tissue culture.

Food production

Food production methods: click any method to explore

Select any food production method to see what it is, key examples and the NEET fact most tested about it. Covers dairy farming, poultry, apiculture, fisheries, single cell protein, biofortification and tissue culture.

Dairy Farming
Poultry Farming
Apiculture
Fisheries
Single Cell Protein
Biofortification
Tissue Culture

Dairy Farming

Keeping cows and buffaloes for the commercial production of milk and milk products. Success depends on selecting good breeds, balanced feeding, cleanliness and regular veterinary care.

Key examples

Sahiwal cow: high milk yield, heat-tolerant
Holstein-Friesian: very high milk yield, kept in cooler climates
Murrah buffalo: high fat content in milk

NEET fact

The three key factors for a high milk yield are: (1) good genetic potential of the breed, (2) proper nutrition and (3) good management (hygiene, health care).

Try this

  • Select Apiculture. What species of bee does NCERT specifically mention for Indian beekeeping?
  • Compare Single Cell Protein and Biofortification. Both improve nutrition but by very different approaches. What is the key difference?
  • Select Tissue Culture. Can you name all five terms (totipotency, explant, callus, somaclone, somatic hybridisation) and what each one means?

Next chapter interactive widgets

Drag, slide and recompute on the next chapter's widgets.

Track Your NEET Score Across All 90 Chapters

Free 14-day trial. AI tutor, full mock tests and chapter analytics — built for NEET 2027.

Free 14-day trial · No credit card required