Biological ClassificationNEET Botany · Class 11 · NCERT Chapter 2

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The five kingdom system of classification by R.H. Whittaker is based on mode of nutrition, complexity of body organization, and mode of reproduction, but not on the presence or absence of a well-defined nucleus. NCERT XI chapter Biological Classification outlines these criteria, so option (a) is correct.

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Cnidaria includes both marine and freshwater species, such as Hydra in freshwater and jellyfish in marine environments. NCERT XI chapter Biological Classification describes the diversity of habitats within this phylum, so option (d) is correct.

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During Biological nitrogen fixation, inactivation of nitrogenase by oxygen poisoning is prevented by pink coloured oxygen scavenger pigment leghaemogolobin.

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Protista is a group created by Haeckel which includes all Eukaryotic unicellular organisms.

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Factual- NCERT

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Rhizopus is a bread mould fungus. Ustilago is a smut fungi. Puccinia is known as rust fungi. Agaricus is commonly called mushroom. A-III B-II C-IV D-I

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The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division of the kingdom fungi into various classes.

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Correct answer is option (4) because • Lippes loop is a non-medicated IUD. • Multiload 375 is a copper releasing IUD. • LNG -20 is a hormone releasing IUD. • Progestogens are used as implants.

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Expiratory capacity = Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volume Functional residual capacity = Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume Vital capacity = Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume Inspiratory capacity = Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume

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Down’s syndrome is due to presence of an additional copy of chromosome number 21. Klinefelter’s syndrome is caused due to presence of an additional copy of X -chromosome. α-Thalassemia is controlled by two closely linked genes on chromosome 16 of each parent. β-Thalassemia is controlled by a single gene HBB on chromosome 11 of each parent.

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Correct answer is option (3) because • Common cold is caused by Rhinoviruses • Haemozoin is released in blood due to ruptured RBCs after Plasmodium infection. • Widal test is used to confirm the typhoid fever. • Allergy is caused due to dust mites.

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• In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase III codes for snRNAs, tRNA and 5s rRNA. • Splicing of exons is performed by snRNPs. • TATA box is present in promoter region of transcription unit. • Rho factor is responsible for termination of transcription. ❑ ❑ ❑

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Azotobacter, Oscillatoria, Anabaena and Nostoc can fix nitrogen but Volvox cannot fix nitrogen.

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Arrange the kingdoms based on the complexity of body organization as per Whittaker's five-kingdom classification:
- C. Monera (prokaryotes) are the simplest.
- E. Protista are eukaryotic but unicellular or simple multicellular.
- A. Fungi are multicellular with cell walls of chitin.
- D. Plantae are eukaryotic autotrophs with tissue/organ level organization.
- B. Animalia are heterotrophs with tissue/organ/organ system level organization.
Thus, the correct order is C, E, A, D, B, so option (b) is correct.