Animal KingdomNEET Zoology · Class 11 · NCERT Chapter 1

Solution

Planaria possesses a high capacity for regeneration, allowing it to regrow body parts after amputation. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom highlights this ability as a characteristic feature of planarians, so option (b) is correct.

Solution

$\text{Torpedo}$, commonly known as the electric ray, is a marine cartilaginous fish capable of producing electric currents. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes $\text{Torpedo}$ as having electric organs, so option (b) is correct.

Solution

- Areolar tissue is a type of loose connective tissue, characterized by a loose arrangement of fibers and cells in a semi-fluid matrix.
- Tendon is a specialized connective tissue, adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue, and cartilage is a type of supporting connective tissue, so option (c) is correct.

Solution

- Inner lining of salivary ducts – Simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium, not ciliated.
- Moist surface of buccal cavity – Stratified squamous epithelium, not glandular.
- Tubular parts of nephrons – Cuboidal epithelium, which is correct.
- Inner surface of bronchioles – Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, not squamous.

Solution

In coelenterates, metagenesis is alternation of generation between polyp and medusa. Polyp reproduces asexually by budding to form medusa and medusa reproduces sexually to form polyp. www.vedantu.com 8

Solution

In poriferans, the body is loose aggregate of cells (meshwork of cells). Internal cavities and canals are lined with food filtering flagellated cells i.e. choanocyte/collar cell. Choanocytes help in filter feeding.

Solution

A single outcross (a type of outbreeding) is useful in overcoming inbreeding depression.

Solution

Exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of chitin. Chitin is a polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine.

Solution

The wings of a bird and an insect are analogous structure which differ in structure and origin but perform similar functions and represent convergent evolution.

Solution

Parapodia is a characteristic of Annelida and it helps in swimming.

Solution

Periplaneta americana shows indeterminate and spiral cleavage. www.vedantu.com 57

Solution

Flipper of whale is homologous to the wing of a bird.

Solution

Reptillia has an order crocodilian which shows 4 chambered heart. In mammals, prototheria group shows oviparity while metatheria and eutherian show viviparity. Chordates can be gnathostomata and agnatha (without jaws). Only cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyes) show cartilaginous endoskeleton without exception.

Solution

Birds are oviparous while mammals are oviparous (prototherians) and viviparous (metatherians and eutherians).

Solution

Horse belongs to order perissodactyla of class mammalia. Perissodactyla includes odd-toed mammals.

Solution

Choanocytes (collar cells) form lining of spongocoel in poriferans (sponges). Flagella in collar cells provide circulation to water in water canal system.

Solution

Sharks and Trygon (sting ray) are the members of chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) while whale, Dolphin and Seals are aquatic mammals belong to class mammalia. www.vedantu.com 26

Solution

Pharyngeal gill slits are present in hemichordates as well as in chordates. Notochord is present in chordates only. Ventral tubular nerve cord is characteristic feature of non-chordates.

Solution

Ciliates are unique among protozoans in having two types of nuclei: a macronucleus and one or more micronuclei. This is a key feature distinguishing them from other protozoan groups, so option (d) is correct.

Solution

Aves, or birds, are characterized by the presence of a crop and gizzard in their digestive system. These structures aid in the storage and mechanical digestion of food, respectively. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes these features as adaptations in birds, so option (a) is correct.

Solution

Male cockroaches can be identified by the presence of caudal styles, which are absent in females. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes these structures as a key morphological difference between male and female cockroaches, so option (b) is correct.

Solution

Homeotherms maintain a constant body temperature. $\text{Chelone}$ (turtle) is a reptile and ectothermic, while $\text{Camelus}$ (camel), $\text{Macropus}$ (kangaroo), and $\text{Psittacula}$ (parakeet) are endotherms. Therefore, option (b) is correct.

Solution

Metamorphosis is a characteristic feature of insects (moth), tunicates, and echinoderms (starfish). Earthworms, however, do not undergo metamorphosis; their development is direct. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes the life cycles of these animals, so option (c) is correct.

Solution

Factual NCERT

Solution

Factual NCERT

Solution

In Chordata, the central nervous system is dorsal and hollow, and the notochord is present during the embryonic period in vertebrates. Therefore, statements (c) and (b) are true, making option (d) correct.

Solution

- 6 - 15 pairs of gill slits are found in $\text{Trygon}$, a ray.
- Heterocercal caudal fin is characteristic of $\text{Chondrichthyes}$ (cartilaginous fish).
- Air bladder is a feature of $\text{Osteichthyes}$ (bony fish).
- Poison sting is associated with $\text{Trygon}$, a ray.

Solution

- Gregarious, polyphagous - Locusta (pest insect)
- Adult with radial symmetry and larva with bilateral symmetry - Asterias (sea star)
- Book lungs - Scorpion (respiratory structure)
- Bioluminescence - Ctenoplana (comb jelly)

Solution

Platyhelminthes are bilaterally symmetrical and acoelomate, lacking a body cavity. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes Platyhelminthes with these characteristics, so option (b) is correct.

Solution

Neophron, a genus of birds, has hollow and pneumatic long bones, which are adaptations for flight. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes these features in birds, so option (a) is correct.

Solution

A ring of gastric caeca is not present at the junction of the midgut and hindgut in cockroaches; instead, gastric caeca are present at the junction of the foregut and midgut. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes the digestive system of the cockroach, so option (a) is incorrect.

Solution

- Metamerism is characteristic of $\text{Annelida}$ (segmented body plan).
- Canal system is found in $\text{Porifera}$ (sponge aquiferous system).
- Comb plates are a feature of $\text{Ctenophora}$ (ctenes for locomotion).
- Cnidoblasts are present in $\text{Coelenterata}$ (stinging cells).

Solution

Smooth muscles do not have intercalated discs; these are found in cardiac muscles for cell-to-cell communication. Smooth muscles are characterized by the absence of striations, involuntary control, and presence in the walls of blood vessels, so option (c) is incorrect.

Solution

- Physalia is known as the Portuguese Man of War (ii).
- Limulus is a horseshoe crab, often referred to as a living fossil (iii).
- Ancylostoma is a type of hookworm (iv).
- Pinctada is a genus of pearl oysters (i).

Thus, the correct matches are (a) (ii), (b) (iii), (c) (iv), (d) (i), so option (c) is correct.

Solution

Metagenesis is not observed in Helminths but in Cnidarians, so statement (a) is incorrect. Comb plates in ctenophores are for locomotion, not digestion, making statement (d) incorrect. Statements (b), (c), and (e) are correct according to NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom, so option (b) is the correct choice.

Solution

The house fly, $\text{Musca domestica}$, belongs to the family Muscidae. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom classifies the house fly within this family, so option (d) is correct.

Solution

- Scapula is a flat bone (ii).
- Cranium forms fibrous joints (iii).
- Sternum is a flat bone (ii).
- Vertebral column contains cartilaginous joints (i).

Thus, the correct option is (b).

Solution

Tight junctions prevent the leakage of substances across a tissue by forming a seal between cells. Gap junctions facilitate communication between neighboring cells through the rapid transfer of ions and molecules. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes these functions, so option (b) is correct.

Solution

The prostomium of an earthworm serves as a covering for the mouth, helps to open cracks in the soil, and acts as a sensory structure. It is not considered the first body segment, which is the peristomium. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Solution

Option (3) is the correct answer as chitin forms the exoskeleton in arthropods and is found in fungal cell wall. N-acetyl glucosamine is the monomeric unit. Cellulose is a polysaccharide. Cutin is a derived lipid.

Solution

Option (4) is the correct answer because two additional chambers like crop and gizzard in alimentary canal are present in birds. Pavo (Peacock), Psittacula (Parrot), Corvus (Crow) and Columba (Pigeon) are birds. Option (1), (2) and (3) are incorrect because Catla is a bony fish, Crocodilus, Chameleon and Bangarus are reptiles, Bufo is an amphibian and Balaenoptera is an aquatic mammal.

Solution

Option (1) is the correct answer because all chordates are divided into three subphyla – Urochordata, Cephalochordata and Vertebrata. In subphylum Vertebrata, notochord is replaced by bony or cartilaginous vertebral column in adults. Therefore, all vertebrates are c hordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.

Solution

Option (2) is the correct answer because tegmina or forewings (the first pair of wings) in cockroach arises from mesothorax. Options (1), (3) and (4) are incorrect because no wing arises from prothorax and hindwings arise from metathorax.

Solution

None of the options are matching with the language of the question ls isThe correct ascending order of taxonomic categories in case of anima species → genus → family → order → class → phylum → kingdom

Solution

- Mutualism: Both species benefit, so A-IV.
- Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is unaffected, so B-I.
- Amensalism: One species is harmed, the other is unaffected, so C-II.
- Parasitism: One species benefits, the other is harmed, so D-III.

Solution

Statement I correctly describes Gause’s ‘Competitive Exclusion Principle’, which is discussed in NCERT XII chapter Organisms and Populations. Statement II is not supported by the NCERT text, as it does not make a general claim about carnivores being more adversely affected by competition than herbivores, so option (d) is correct.

Solution

- Taenia (tapeworm) has flame cells for excretion.
- Paramoecium uses a contractile vacuole for osmoregulation.
- Periplaneta (cockroach) has ureose glands for excretion.
- Pheretima (earthworm) has nephridia for excretion.

Solution

- A Leopard and a Lion in a forest/grassland compete for the same resources, so it is competition (I).
- A Cuckoo laying eggs in a Crow’s nest is an example of brood parasitism (II).
- Fungi and the root of a higher plant in mycorrhizae have a mutualistic relationship (III).
- A cattle egret and cattle in a field is an example of commensalism (IV).

Solution

The correct group of Australian marsupials exhibiting adaptive radiation includes the numbat, spotted cuscus, and flying phalanger. These species have evolved to occupy various ecological niches, demonstrating the diversity of marsupials in Australia, as described in NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom. Option (c) is correct.

Solution

Adults of the phylum Hemichordata do not exhibit radial symmetry; they have bilateral symmetry. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes the body symmetry of different phyla, confirming that option (c) is correct.

Solution

Chordates are characterized by the presence of a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a closed circulatory system. However, chordates do not have a solid and double nerve cord (A) or a dorsal heart (D), and they are not pseudocoelomate (E). Therefore, the correct statements are B and C, so option (c) is correct.

Solution

The unique mammalian characteristics include hairs, pinna (external ear), and mammary glands. These features are specifically mentioned in NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom as defining traits of mammals, so option (c) is correct.

Solution

In cockroaches, the presence of anal styles is a characteristic feature of males, distinguishing them from females. NCERT XI chapter Animal Kingdom describes sexual dimorphism in cockroaches, where males possess a pair of anal styles, so option (c) is correct.

Solution

The correct option is option no. (2) as

Pterophyllum is the scientific name for Angel fish.

Myxine is the scientific name for Hag fish.

Pristis is the scientific name for Saw fish.

Exocoetus is the scientific name for Flying fish.

Solution

The correct answer is option (2) as A. Pleurobrachia – is a member of phylum Ctenophora. B. Radula – is a rasping feeding organ present in phylum Mollusca. C. Stomochord – Rudimentary structure similar to notochord found in the collar region of members of phylum Hemichordata. D. Air bladder – is found in Osteichthyes which provides them buoyancy. - 69 - NEET (UG)-2024 (Code-Q1)

Solution

Correct answer is option (2), because in both sexes of cockroach, 10 th segment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called anal cerci. Options (1), (3) and (4) are incorrect because 5 th, 8th and 9th segments do not bear such structures. In adult cockroaches only 10th segments are present in abdomen. 11th abdominal segment is absent.

Solution

The correct answer is option no. (2), because annelids are true coelomate animals. Options (1), (3) and (4) are incorrect because poriferans are acoelomates, aschelminths are pseudocoelomates and platyhelminthes are acoelomates.

Solution

The correct answer is option no. (3) as the features of non-chordates among the given statements are: B. Notochord is absent. D. Heart is dorsal if present. E. Post anal tail is absent. Statements A and C are features of chordates. Hence, option (3) is correct and options (1), (2) and (4) are incorrect.

Solution

In pseudocoelomates, the body cavity is not entirely lined with mesoderm, instead, mesodermal tissue is present along the body wall but not towards the gut.

• Schizocoelomates are animals whose coelom or body cavity develops middle from a split in the mesoderm, the middle germ layer of the embryo.
• In acoelomates, coelom is absent.
Spongocoel is a central cavity found in Sponges.

Solution

Water vascular system in Echinoderms helps in locomotion, capture and transport of food and respiration. Excretory system is absent in echinoderms. Excretion takes place through general body surface.

Solution

All living members of class Cyclostomata are ectoparasites.

Solution

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

The members of subphylum vertebrata possess notochord during the embryonic period. The notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in the adult.

Thus, all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.