Chemical Coordination and IntegrationNEET Zoology · Class 11 · NCERT Chapter 10

Solution

Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and regulates the sleep-wake cycle, so option (b) is correct. Oxytocin is involved in milk ejection and uterine contractions, progesterone is involved in maintaining pregnancy, and atrial natriuretic factor decreases blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion.

Solution

The main function of the mammalian corpus luteum is to produce progesterone, which maintains the endometrium for potential pregnancy. NCERT XII chapter Chemical Coordination and Integration highlights this role, so option (b) is correct.

Solution

In a normal pregnant female, high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulate the corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone, which maintain the endometrium. NCERT XII chapter Chemical Coordination and Integration describes this role of hCG, so option (c) is correct.

Solution

The plant shown is Cannabis sativa, which produces hallucinogens like THC. NCERT XII chapter Chemical Coordination and Integration discusses the classification of drugs, identifying Cannabis as a hallucinogen, so option (a) is correct.

Solution

Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone) has no role in sugar metabolism. It helps in salt metabolism.

Solution

Antidiuretic hormone is synthesized by the neurons of hypothalamus and stored in axon endings of posterior lobe of pituitary and released into the blood by posterior pituitary.

Solution

Parathormone → Increases blood 𝐶𝑎+2 level Calcitonin → Decreases blood 𝐶𝑎+2 level Insulin → Decreases blood glucose level Glucagon → Increases blood glucose level Aldosterone → Increases B.P. ANF → Decreases B.P. Relaxin → Causes pelvic musculature relaxation www.vedantu.com 52 Inhibin → Inhibits FSH

Solution

GnRH pulse frequency in controlled by estrogen and progesterone both after puberty.

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Inhibin is produced by granulosa cells in the ovary and inhibits the secretion of FSH – follicle stimulating hormone.

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Amino acid tryptophan is the precursor for the synthesis of melatonin and serotonin. www.vedantu.com 65

Solution

Corpus luteum is the temporary endocrine structure formed in the ovary after ovulation. It is responsible for the release of the hormones like progesterone, oestrogen etc.

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Hypothalamus secretes GnRH which stimulates anterior pituitary gland for the secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH).

Solution

Epinephrine is derived from the amino acid tyrosine. NCERT XII chapter Chemical Coordination and Integration classifies epinephrine as an amino acid-derived hormone, so option (c) is correct.

Solution

Estrogen and parathyroid hormone play significant roles in osteoporosis. Estrogen helps maintain bone density, while parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels, affecting bone resorption. NCERT XII chapter Chemical Coordination and Integration discusses these hormonal roles in calcium metabolism and bone health, so option (a) is correct.

Solution

Ref. XI NCERT Chapter- 14, Page No. 229

Solution

Ref. XII NCERT Chapter- 06, Page No. 116

Solution

- Pituitary gland is associated with diabetes insipidus due to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency.
- Thyroid gland is linked to Grave’s disease, an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism.
- Adrenal gland is related to Addison’s disease, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production.
- Pancreas is associated with diabetes mellitus, a condition of impaired insulin function.

Solution

Erythropoietin is produced by juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. This hormone stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow, as described in NCERT XII chapter Chemical Coordination and Integration, so option (d) is correct.

Solution

Mature insulin does not contain C-peptide, as it is cleaved during the processing of pro-insulin. Pro-insulin contains C-peptide, and the A-peptide and B-peptide of insulin are interconnected by disulphide bridges. Therefore, option (c) is correct.

Solution

Option (3) is the correct answer as osteoporosis is due to decreased levels of oestrogen. Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder characterised by decreased bone mass hence, the chances of fractures increase.

Solution

Option ( 3) is the correct answer because during joint diastole, blood moves f reely from atrium to ventricle as atrioventricular valve remain open during joint diastole. Option ( 4) is incorrect because decrease in ventricular pressure, during ventricular diastole closes semilunar valves to produce ‘dub’ heart sound. Option (1) is incorrect because SA node generates action potential to stimulate atrial contraction. Option (2) is incorrect because bicuspid and tricuspid valves open due to pressure exerted by blood present in atria and decrease in pressure in ventricles during ventricular diastole.

Solution

Option ( 2) is the correct answer because parathyroid hormone is a hypercalcemic hormone i.e , it increases the blood calcium levels. It also increases the absorption of calcium from digested food. Glucocorticoids regulate the carbohydrate metabolism. Option (3) is not the answer because parathyroid hormone stimulates the process of bone resorption. Option (1) and (4) are not the answers because reabsorption of Ca 2+ by renal tubules is a function of PTH.

Solution

Thyroid hormone primarily regulates basal metabolic rate, maintenance of water and electrolyte balance, and the normal rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle. The development of the immune system is not directly controlled by thyroid hormone, so option (d) is correct.

Solution

Correct answer is option (1) A. GLUT-4 IV. Enables glucose transport into cells B. Insulin I. Hormone C. Trypsin II. Enzyme D. Collagen III. Intercellular ground substance

Solution

The correct answer is option (4) as glucagon is a proteinaceous hormone secreted from pancreas. Options (1), (2) and (3) are not correct as they are steroid in nature.

Solution

The correct answer is option no. (4) as (A) Exophthalmic goiter (III) Hyper secretion of thyroid hormone and characterized by protruding eye balls (B) Acromegaly (IV) Excessive secretion of growth hormone (C) Cushing’s syndrome (I) Excess secretion of cortisol, moon face and hyperglycaemia (D) Cretinism (II) Hypo-secretion of thyroid hormone and characterized by stunted growth

Solution

- Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum.
- Relaxin is produced by the ovary.
- Melanocyte stimulating hormone is produced by the pars intermedia.
- Catecholamines are produced by the adrenal medulla.

Solution

- Heart produces Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which regulates blood pressure and volume.
- Kidney produces Erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates red blood cell production.
- Gastro-intestinal tract produces Secretin, which stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas.
- Adrenal Cortex produces Aldosterone, which regulates sodium and potassium balance.

Solution

Adrenal medullary hormones, primarily epinephrine and norepinephrine, cause piloerection (C), increase the strength of heart contraction (D), and act as hyperglycemic hormones by promoting glycogenolysis (B). Pupillary constriction (A) is not a function of these hormones, so option (b) is correct.

Solution

Insulin can't be administered orally to diabetic patients as being the proteinaceous molecule, it will be digested in gastro-intestinal tract.

Solution

Neurohypophysis i.e., posterior pituitary (Pars nervosa) stores and releases two hormones called oxytocin and vasopressin (Also called ADH i.e., antidiuretic hormone) which are actually synthesised by hypothalamus and are transported axonally to neurohypophysis. The pars distalis (anterior pituitary) produces follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Solution

The correct answer is [A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III]

• Progesterone – A steroidal hormone which is secreted by the corpus luteum

• Relaxin – A proteinaceous hormone which is secreted by the ovaries in the later stage of pregnancy

• Melanocyte stimulating hormone – A proteinaceous hormone released by the pars intermedia

• Catecholamines – An amino-acid derived hormone released from the adrenal medulla during emergency conditions