18 NEET previous-year questions on Anatomy of Flowering Plants, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step solution. Sourced directly from official NEET papers across every booklet code.
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Secondary xylem
Secondary phloem
Protoxylem
Cortical cells
Solution
Protoxylem is the key to distinguishing between old dicot stem and root. In old dicot stems, protoxylem is present towards the periphery (exarch), while in old dicot roots, protoxylem is towards the center (endarch), as described in NCERT XI chapter Anatomy of Flowering Plants. Option (c) is correct.
Xylem parenchyma
Collenchyma
Phellem
Phloem
Solution
Cork cambium undergoes periclinal division and cuts off thick walled suberised dead cork cells towards outside and it cuts off thin walled living cells i.e., phelloderm on inner side.
Phelloderm
Primary phloem
Secondary xylem
Periderm
Solution
During secondary growth, vascular cambium gives rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem. Phelloderm is formed by cork cambium.
Organic compounds are deposited in it
It is highly durable
It conducts water and minerals efficiently
It comprises dead elements with highly lignified walls
Solution
Heartwood is physiologically inactive due to deposition of organic compounds and tyloses formation, so this will not conduct water and minerals.
Phellogen
Vascular cambium
Apical meristems
Axillary meristems
Solution
Secondary xylem and phloem in dicot stems are produced by the vascular cambium, which is responsible for secondary growth. NCERT XI chapter Anatomy of Flowering Plants describes the vascular cambium as the lateral meristem that forms these tissues, so option (b) is correct.
Cortex
Pericycle
Epidermis
Endodermis
Solution
Casparian strips are present in the endodermis, forming a waterproof barrier that regulates the movement of water and solutes into the vascular tissues. NCERT XI chapter Anatomy of Flowering Plants describes this feature as a key adaptation in the root structure, so option (d) is correct.
(iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
(iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
Solution
Brunner’s glands are in duodenum
Water, mineral salts, some organic nitrogen and hormones
Water only
Water and mineral salts only
Water, mineral salts and some organic nitrogen only
Solution
Ref. XI NCERT Chapter- 11, Page No. 184
Both sieve tubes and companion cells
Albuminous cells and sieve cells
Sieve tubes only
Companion cells only
Solution
Ref. XI NCERT Chapter- 6, Page No. 88
Monocotyledonous stem
Monocotyledonous root
Dicotyledonous stem
Dicotyledonous root
Solution
The described features—scattered vascular bundles, large parenchymatous ground tissue, conjoint and closed vascular bundles, and absence of phloem parenchyma—are characteristic of a monocotyledonous stem. NCERT XI chapter Anatomy of Flowering Plants outlines these features, so option (a) is correct.
(a), (b) and (d) Only
(b), (c), (d) and (e) Only
(a), (b), (c) and (d) Only
(a), (c), (d) and (e) Only
Solution
All the statements are correct regarding vascular bundles but none of the options with such combination is given.
(a) and (b) Only
(c) and (d) Only
(d) and (e) Only
(b) and (d) Only
Solution
In old trees, the greater part of secondary xylem is dark brown due to deposition of organic compounds like tannins, resins, oils, gums, aromatic substances and essential oils in the central or innermost layers of the stem. These substances make it hard, d urable and resistant to the attacks of micro -organisms and insects.
(a), (b), (d) and (e) Only
(a), (c), (d) and (e) Only
(a), (b) and (d) Only
(c), (d) and (e) Only
Solution
Spring wood is also called early wood. It is lighter in colour and has a lower density. The vessels are produced with the wider lumens to transport more water to meet the requirement by increased transpiring surface in spring season. The spring and autumn wood appear as alternate concentric rings of light and dark colour forming annual rings.
A is false but R is true.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
A is true but R is false.
Solution
Both statements are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Late wood forms when the cambium is less active, typically in winter, resulting in fewer xylary elements with narrow vessels. NCERT XI chapter Anatomy of Flowering Plants supports this relationship, so option (b) is correct.
Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
Statement I is correct but Statement II is false.
Solution
Statement I is incorrect because endarch and exarch describe the development of primary xylem, not secondary xylem. Statement II is true as exarch development is common in roots, where the protoxylem is towards the periphery and metaxylem towards the center. Therefore, option (a) is correct.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Solution
Collenchyma is also living tissue. Gymnosperm lack xylem vessels but presence of xylem vessels is the characteristic of angiosperm . - 51 - NEET (UG)-2024 (Code-Q1)
Differentiation
Redifferentiation
Dedifferentiation
Maturation
Solution
The phenomenon of formation of interfascicular cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells is called dedifferentiation.
C
D
A
B
Solution
Guard cells of stomata have thin outer wall and highly thickened inner walls.
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