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Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity and ConservationNEET Botany · Class 12 · NCERT Chapter 6

3 interactive concept widgets for Biodiversity and Conservation. Drag any slider, change any number, and watch the formula and the answer update live. Built so you understand how each NEET problem actually works, not just the final number.

Species-area relationship: log S = log C + Z log A

Adjust the C value and area type (small island vs large continent) to see how species richness changes with area. Understand Z values: 0.1 to 0.2 for patches; 0.6 to 1.2 for continents.

Biodiversity Patterns

Species-area relationship: log S = log C + Z log A

Adjust the C value and area type to see how species richness changes with area. Understand the difference between Z values for small islands (0.1 to 0.2) and large continents (0.6 to 1.2).

Small island / isolated patch
Large continent / major region

Z = 0.15 | Small island / isolated patch

Z = 0.1 to 0.2. Gentle slope: doubling area adds relatively fewer new species. Typical for habitat islands within a larger landscape (e.g. forest patches).

log C (Y-intercept): 1.5 (C = 32 species at unit area)

10^010^110^210^310^410^510^010^110^2Area (A)Species (S)

NEET key: species-area relationship

  • Equation: log S = log C + Z log A (or S = C × A^Z)
  • S = species richness; A = area; Z = slope (regression coefficient); C = Y-intercept
  • Z = 0.1 to 0.2 for small areas / islands within a continent
  • Z = 0.6 to 1.2 for large areas / separate continents
  • Proposed by Alexander von Humboldt; formalised by McArthur and Wilson
  • Larger areas have more habitats, supporting greater species richness

Try this

  • Switch to "Large continent" (Z = 0.85): the curve becomes much steeper. Doubling area adds far more species for continents than for small islands.
  • The species-area relationship explains why deforestation is so damaging: destroying 90% of a habitat causes extinction of roughly 50% of its species (depending on Z value).

Conservation strategies: in situ vs ex situ

Click each strategy (national parks, biosphere reserves, sacred groves, seed banks, cryopreservation, zoos) to see its features, examples, and India-specific facts. Test yourself with the scenario classifier.

Conservation

Conservation strategies: in situ vs ex situ

Click each conservation strategy to see what it protects, where it is, and examples. Test yourself with the scenario classifier.

In situ (on-site)
Ex situ (off-site)

Select a strategy:

National Parks
Wildlife Sanctuaries
Biosphere Reserves
Sacred Groves
Zoological Parks (Zoos)
Botanical Gardens
Seed Banks
Cryopreservation

National Parks

In situ

Areas where no human activity (including grazing, farming, logging) is allowed except for scientific study. Highest level of protection. Managed by government.

89 national parks in India

Examples:

  • Jim Corbett NP (India's first, 1936) — tigers
  • Kaziranga NP — one-horned rhinoceros
  • Kanha NP — barasingha (swamp deer)
  • Sundarban NP — Royal Bengal tiger
  • Periyar NP — elephants, tigers

Scenario (1/6) — Which conservation strategy?

A forest area where no farming, grazing, or tree-felling is allowed except for scientific study.

National Parks
Wildlife Sanctuaries
Biosphere Reserves
Sacred Groves
Zoological Parks (Zoos)
Botanical Gardens
Seed Banks
Cryopreservation

Try this

  • Key NEET distinction: National parks = most strict (no human activity); Wildlife sanctuaries = less strict; Biosphere reserves = 3 zones (core/buffer/transition).
  • Biosphere reserves in UNESCO World Network: Nilgiri, Gulf of Mannar, and Sunderban. Nilgiri was India's first biosphere reserve (1986).

Biodiversity and Conservation NEET quiz: 12 questions

12-question scored quiz covering biodiversity types, hotspot criteria, species-area Z values, HIPPO threats, in situ vs ex situ conservation, and India-specific numbers.

Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity and Conservation NEET quiz: 12 questions

12-question scored quiz covering biodiversity types, hotspots, species-area relationship, conservation strategies (in situ vs ex situ), threats (HIPPO), and key facts.

Question 1/12

Score: 0

How many biodiversity hotspots are there globally (as per current count)?

18

25

34

50

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