Biodiversity and ConservationNEET Botany · Class 12 · NCERT Chapter 6

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Ex situ conservation involves preserving species outside their natural habitats, such as in seed banks. Seed banks store seeds for long-term conservation, making option (b) correct. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation outlines these conservation methods.

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Lichens are sensitive to air pollution and thrive in clean air. Therefore, their presence indicates a low-pollution environment, making option (d) correct. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation discusses lichens as bioindicators of air quality.

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A species facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the immediate future is classified as Critically Endangered. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation defines this category based on criteria set by the IUCN Red List, so option (c) is correct.

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The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) publishes the Red List of species, which assesses the conservation status of species globally. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation identifies the IUCN as the authority for the Red List, so option (b) is correct.

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The four portions (A-D) represent the major groups of invertebrates in descending order of diversity: (A) Insects, (B) Molluscs, (C) Crustaceans, and (D) Other animal groups. This aligns with the global diversity of invertebrates as described in NCERT XII Biodiversity and Conservation, so option (d) is correct.

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The species confined to a particular region and not found elsewhere is termed as Endemic.

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The United Nations Climate change conferences are yearly conferences and are known as Conference of the Parties (COP).

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River Dolphin represents the purity of the holy Ganga as it can only survive in pure and fresh water.

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From the evil quartet, habitat loss and fragmentation due to over population, urbanization and industrialization is the major cause of extinction. www.vedantu.com 56

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Joint Forest Management Concept was introduced to protect forest cover in India in 1988.

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Ozone is found in the upper part of the atmosphere called stratosphere and it acts as a shield absorbing ultraviolet radiation from sun and so its depletion can lead to incidence of skin cancers.

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Biosphere reserve is protected area with multipurpose activities. It has three zones (a) Core zone – without any human interference (b) Buffer zone – with limited human activity (c) Transition zone – human settlement, grazing cultivation etc., are allowed.

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Ex-situ conservation is offsite strategy for conservation of animals and plants in zoological park and botanical gardens respectively.

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Alexander Von Humboldt observed that within a region species richness increases with the increases in area.

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World Ozone Day is celebrated on 16th September to raise awareness about the depletion of the ozone layer and the need for its protection. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation mentions this date, so option (a) is correct.

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Ozone (${\text{O}}_3$) is a secondary pollutant formed by the reaction of primary pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. SO${}_2$, CO${}_2$, and CO are primary pollutants, so option (d) is correct.

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Chlorine (Cl) acts as a catalyst in the degradation of ozone, leading to the release of molecular oxygen. This process is well-documented in the context of stratospheric ozone depletion, as described in NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation, making option (b) correct.

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Sacred groves are areas of forest or woodland that are protected by local communities and are part of in-situ conservation. Ex-situ conservation involves the preservation of species outside their natural habitats, such as in botanical gardens, wildlife safari parks, and seed banks. Therefore, option (b) is the exception.

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Ref. XI NCERT Chapter- 6, Page No. 94

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Any non -organic group which binds tightly to protein group of Enzyme can lee considered prosthetic group. 25 SPACE FOR ROUGH WORK

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Factual- NCERT

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Ref. XI NCERT Chapter- 15, Page No. 248 & 250

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Robert May estimated the global species diversity to be around 7 million species. This estimate is based on the extrapolation of known species and biodiversity patterns, as mentioned in NCERT XII Biodiversity and Conservation, so option (d) is correct.

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The Amazon forests are known for the highest species diversity due to their vast area, varied habitats, and tropical climate. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation highlights the Amazon as a global biodiversity hotspot, so option (d) is correct.

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The functional insulin has A and B chains linked together by disulfide bonds, not hydrogen bonds. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation discusses the structure of insulin, so option (c) is incorrect.

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The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987, aims to control the emission of ozone-depleting substances. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation highlights this international treaty to protect the ozone layer, so option (b) is correct.

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In-situ conservation means on site conservation i.e. when we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem, its biodiversity at all levels is protected. National parks are type of in-situ conservation. Whereas, micropropagation, cryopreservation and in-vitro fertilisation are methods of ex-situ conservation.

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When we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem, its biodiversity at all levels is protected. This is in-situ or on site conservation strategy.

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Habitat loss and fragmentation are the most significant drivers of species extinction, as they lead to the destruction and isolation of habitats, reducing species' ability to survive and adapt. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation emphasizes this as the primary cause among the Evil Quartet, so option (b) is correct.

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The Convention on Biological Diversity, also known as the Earth Summit, was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation notes this as a significant event in global environmental policy, so option (c) is correct.

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Major causes of biodiversity losses are (1) Habitat loss and fragmentation (2) Over-exploitation (3) Alien species invasions (4) Co-extinctions Hence correct option is A, B and D only.

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Only statement B is incorrect because tropical environments unlike temperate ones, are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable. Thus statements A, C, D and E are correct.

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List of endangered species was released by – IUCN.

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The type of conservation in which threatened species are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care is called ex-situ conservation which is a type of biodiversity conservation.

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Robert May places the global species diversity at about 7 million. Alexander von Humboldt gave species-area relationship. Paul Ehrlich used an analogy “Rivet popper hypothesis” to explain the role of species in the ecosystem. David Tilman performed long term ecosystem experiments using out door plots.

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Ex-situ conservation involves the preservation of species outside their natural habitats, such as in zoos and botanical gardens. NCERT XII chapter Biodiversity and Conservation defines ex-situ conservation as the protection of species in artificial settings, making option (c) correct.

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The Evil Quartet – Causes of biodiversity losses

Ex situ conservation – Cryopreservation

Lantana camara – Alien species invasion

Dodo – Extinction

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- The Evil Quartet – Causes of biodiversity losses
- Ex situ conservation – Cryopreservation
- *Lantana camara* – Alien species invasion
- Dodo – Extinction

Hence the correct match is A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV.