Breathing and Exchange of GasesNEET Zoology · Class 11 · NCERT Chapter 5

Solution

Emphysema is mainly due to cigarette smoking in which the walls of alveoli are damaged that leads to reduction in surface area for gaseous exchange.

Solution

Volume of air present in lungs after forceful expiration as residual volume which prevents the collapsing of alveoli even after forceful expiration.

Solution

Asthma is characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles, leading to airway constriction. Emphysema involves the destruction of alveoli, resulting in a decreased respiratory surface. NCERT XII chapter Breathing and Exchange of Gases describes these conditions, so option (c) is correct.

Solution

E.C = TV + ERV

Solution

Higher ${\text{H}}^{+}$ concentration in the alveoli does not favour the formation of oxyhaemoglobin; instead, it promotes the release of ${\text{O}}_2$ from haemoglobin. This is part of the Bohr effect, as described in NCERT XII chapter Breathing and Exchange of Gases, making option (c) incorrect.

Solution

During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, and the external intercostal muscles contract to lift the rib cage, increasing the pulmonary volume and decreasing the intra-pulmonary pressure. Therefore, options (a) and (b) are correct, making option (a) the correct choice.

Solution

Option (2) is the correct answer because every 100 mL of oxygenated blood can deliver around 5 mL of O2 to the tissues under normal physiological conditions. Option ( 3), ( 4) and ( 1) are incorrect because every 100 mL of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 mL of CO2 to the alveoli.

Solution

Option (4) is correct because the part starting with the external nostrils upto the terminal bronchioles constitute the conducting part; whereas the alveoli and their ducts form the respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system. The conducting part transports the atmospheric air to the alveoli, clears it from foreign particles, humidifies and also bring the air to body temperature. Exchange part is the site of actual diffusion of O2/CO2 between blood and atmospheric air. - 61 - NEET (UG)-2022 (Code- Q1)

Solution

Vital capacity is the total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, which is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and tidal volume (TV). According to NCERT XI chapter Breathing and Exchange of Gases, this is represented by option (a).

Solution

The correct answer is option (2) as Conditions favourable for formation of oxyhaemoglobin in alveoli are high pO 2, less H + concentration low pCO2 and low temperature. Option (1), (3) and (4) are not correct as they do not favour the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.

Solution

Emphysema - Damaged alveolar walls and decreased respiratory surface

Angina pectoris - Acute chest pain when not enough oxygen is reaching to heart muscle

Glomerulonephritis - Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney

Tetany - Rapid spasms in muscle due to low Ca${}^{2+}$ in body fluid

Solution

Frogs use their skin and buccal cavity for respiration in water, but on land, they use their skin, buccal cavity, and lungs. The statement is false for water because frogs do not use their lungs in water, but it is true for land. Therefore, option (c) is correct.